COMP <GO>
SE vs MA // ALTMAN Z-SCORE & DEBT/EQUITY
Sea Limited American (NYSE) VS. Mastercard Incorporated (NYSE) • 15-METRIC TALLY: SE 6
— MA 7
▲ ALTMAN Z-SCORE & DEBT/EQUITY LEADER: MA
LAST: $76.55 (+1.82%) • MKT CAP: $46.89B
balance-sheet
2.61
LAST: $635.70 (+4.16%) • MKT CAP: $556.88B
balance-sheet
11.17
15-METRIC INSTITUTIONAL SIDE-BY-SIDE SCORECARD (SE VS. MA)
EMERALD CELL = QUANTITATIVE EDGE
| INSTITUTIONAL METRIC | SE | MA | SPREAD (A - B) | ADVANTAGE | DEDICATED URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Profit Margin | 52.20% | — | — | TIE | /gross-margins <GO> |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 10.20% | 33.50% | -23.30 | MA | /roic <GO> |
| EV/EBITDA & P/E Valuation | 20.5x | 29.2x | -8.70 | SE | /valuation <GO> |
| Free Cash Flow Yield | 9.62% | 3.08% | +6.54 | SE | /fcf-yield <GO> |
| Operating Margin | 10.10% | 57.60% | -47.50 | MA | /operating-margins <GO> |
| Net Profit Margin | 8.00% | 45.60% | -37.60 | MA | /net-margins <GO> |
| Revenue Growth (YoY) | 33.20% | 16.40% | +16.80 | SE | /revenue-growth <GO> |
| Dividend Yield & FCF Payout Safety | 0.00% | 0.49% | -0.49 | MA | /dividend-safety <GO> |
| Altman Z-Score & Debt/Equity ACTIVE | 2.61 | 11.17 | -8.56 | MA | /balance-sheet <GO> |
| Piotroski F-Score Quality | 9/9 | 8/9 | +1.00 | SE | /piotroski-score <GO> |
| Options Implied Move & Put/Call Skew | — | — | — | TIE | /options-implied-move <GO> |
| RSI-14 & 200D SMA Momentum | 29.7 | 68.8 | -39.10 | MA | /rsi-technicals <GO> |
| 10Y Yield & FRED Macro Beta | 1.02 | 0.90 | +0.12 | SE | /macro-sensitivity <GO> |
| Forward P/E Multiple | 24.9x | 31.2x | -6.30 | SE | /forward-pe <GO> |
| Enterprise Scale & Market Cap | $46.89B | $556.88B | -$509.99B | MA | /market-cap <GO> |
5-YEAR HISTORICAL XBRL REVENUE & MARGIN TRAJECTORY SEC FORM 10-K FY
| FISCAL YEAR | SE REV | MA REV | SE GROSS % | MA GROSS % | SE FCF | MA FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY 2025 | $19.63B | $32.79B | 52.2% | — | $4.51B | $17.16B |
| FY 2024 | $14.73B | $28.17B | 48.9% | — | $2.96B | $14.31B |
| FY 2023 | $11.45B | $25.10B | — | — | $1.56B | $10.85B |
FRED MACRO REGIME CORRELATION COMPARISON PEARSON r
SE // BETA 1.02
MA // BETA 0.90