COMP <GO>
REFR vs UNP // GROSS PROFIT MARGIN
Research Frontiers Incorporated (NASDAQ) VS. Union Pacific Corporation (NYSE) • 15-METRIC TALLY: REFR 0
— UNP 9
■ METRIC PARITY
LAST: $0.38 (-13.63%) • MKT CAP: $13.3M
gross-margins
—
LAST: $301.93 (+1.39%) • MKT CAP: $179.42B
gross-margins
—
15-METRIC INSTITUTIONAL SIDE-BY-SIDE SCORECARD (REFR VS. UNP)
EMERALD CELL = QUANTITATIVE EDGE
| INSTITUTIONAL METRIC | REFR | UNP | SPREAD (A - B) | ADVANTAGE | DEDICATED URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Profit Margin ACTIVE | — | — | — | TIE | /gross-margins <GO> |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | -35.00% | 20.10% | -55.10 | UNP | /roic <GO> |
| EV/EBITDA & P/E Valuation | — | 15.3x | — | TIE | /valuation <GO> |
| Free Cash Flow Yield | -10.03% | 3.06% | -13.09 | UNP | /fcf-yield <GO> |
| Operating Margin | -60.00% | 40.20% | -100.20 | UNP | /operating-margins <GO> |
| Net Profit Margin | -60.00% | 29.10% | -89.10 | UNP | /net-margins <GO> |
| Revenue Growth (YoY) | -16.00% | 1.10% | -17.10 | UNP | /revenue-growth <GO> |
| Dividend Yield & FCF Payout Safety | 0.00% | 1.80% | -1.80 | UNP | /dividend-safety <GO> |
| Altman Z-Score & Debt/Equity | — | 4.31 | — | TIE | /balance-sheet <GO> |
| Piotroski F-Score Quality | 2/9 | 6/9 | -4.00 | UNP | /piotroski-score <GO> |
| Options Implied Move & Put/Call Skew | — | — | — | TIE | /options-implied-move <GO> |
| RSI-14 & 200D SMA Momentum | 29.5 | 66.2 | -36.68 | UNP | /rsi-technicals <GO> |
| 10Y Yield & FRED Macro Beta | — | 1.03 | — | TIE | /macro-sensitivity <GO> |
| Forward P/E Multiple | — | 23.3x | — | TIE | /forward-pe <GO> |
| Enterprise Scale & Market Cap | $13.3M | $179.42B | -$179.41B | UNP | /market-cap <GO> |
5-YEAR HISTORICAL XBRL REVENUE & MARGIN TRAJECTORY SEC FORM 10-K FY
| FISCAL YEAR | REFR REV | UNP REV | REFR GROSS % | UNP GROSS % | REFR FCF | UNP FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY 2025 | $1.1M | $24.51B | — | — | -$1.3M | $5.50B |
| FY 2024 | $1.3M | $24.25B | — | — | -$790.4K | $5.89B |
| FY 2023 | $909.6K | $24.12B | — | — | -$2.3M | $7.29B |
FRED MACRO REGIME CORRELATION COMPARISON PEARSON r
REFR // BETA —
UNP // BETA 1.03