COMP <GO>
REFR vs CAT // GROSS PROFIT MARGIN
Research Frontiers Incorporated (NASDAQ) VS. Caterpillar Inc. (NYSE) • 15-METRIC TALLY: REFR 0
— CAT 9
■ METRIC PARITY
LAST: $0.38 (-13.63%) • MKT CAP: $13.3M
gross-margins
—
LAST: $647.39 (-9.25%) • MKT CAP: $297.59B
gross-margins
82.20%
15-METRIC INSTITUTIONAL SIDE-BY-SIDE SCORECARD (REFR VS. CAT)
EMERALD CELL = QUANTITATIVE EDGE
| INSTITUTIONAL METRIC | REFR | CAT | SPREAD (A - B) | ADVANTAGE | DEDICATED URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Profit Margin ACTIVE | — | 82.20% | — | TIE | /gross-margins <GO> |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | -35.00% | 21.15% | -56.15 | CAT | /roic <GO> |
| EV/EBITDA & P/E Valuation | — | 20.9x | — | TIE | /valuation <GO> |
| Free Cash Flow Yield | -10.03% | 3.74% | -13.77 | CAT | /fcf-yield <GO> |
| Operating Margin | -60.00% | 17.52% | -77.52 | CAT | /operating-margins <GO> |
| Net Profit Margin | -60.00% | 14.51% | -74.51 | CAT | /net-margins <GO> |
| Revenue Growth (YoY) | -16.00% | 18.36% | -34.36 | CAT | /revenue-growth <GO> |
| Dividend Yield & FCF Payout Safety | 0.00% | 1.05% | -1.05 | CAT | /dividend-safety <GO> |
| Altman Z-Score & Debt/Equity | — | 4.34 | — | TIE | /balance-sheet <GO> |
| Piotroski F-Score Quality | 2/9 | 5/9 | -3.00 | CAT | /piotroski-score <GO> |
| Options Implied Move & Put/Call Skew | — | 8.46% | — | TIE | /options-implied-move <GO> |
| RSI-14 & 200D SMA Momentum | 29.5 | 33.5 | -3.98 | CAT | /rsi-technicals <GO> |
| 10Y Yield & FRED Macro Beta | — | 1.02 | — | TIE | /macro-sensitivity <GO> |
| Forward P/E Multiple | — | 26.0x | — | TIE | /forward-pe <GO> |
| Enterprise Scale & Market Cap | $13.3M | $297.59B | -$297.58B | CAT | /market-cap <GO> |
5-YEAR HISTORICAL XBRL REVENUE & MARGIN TRAJECTORY SEC FORM 10-K FY
| FISCAL YEAR | REFR REV | CAT REV | REFR GROSS % | CAT GROSS % | REFR FCF | CAT FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY 2025 | $1.1M | $67.59B | — | 99.9% | -$1.3M | $8.92B |
| FY 2024 | $1.3M | $64.81B | — | 100.0% | -$790.4K | $10.05B |
| FY 2023 | $909.6K | $67.06B | — | 99.8% | -$2.3M | $11.29B |
| FY 2022 | — | $59.43B | — | 99.3% | — | $6.47B |
| FY 2021 | — | $50.97B | — | 30.3% | — | $6.11B |
FRED MACRO REGIME CORRELATION COMPARISON PEARSON r
REFR // BETA —
CAT // BETA 1.02