COMP <GO>

CTM vs V // EV/EBITDA & P/E VALUATION

Castellum Inc. (NYSE) VS. Visa Inc. (NYSE) • 15-METRIC TALLY: CTM 1 — V 9

■ METRIC PARITY

LAST: $0.51 (-4.32%) • MKT CAP: $47.9M

valuation

—

LAST: $410.54 (+2.48%) • MKT CAP: $733.53B

valuation

28.9x

15-METRIC INSTITUTIONAL SIDE-BY-SIDE SCORECARD (CTM VS. V) EMERALD CELL = QUANTITATIVE EDGE

INSTITUTIONAL METRIC	CTM	V	SPREAD (A - B)	ADVANTAGE	DEDICATED URL
Gross Profit Margin	36.60%	—	—	TIE	/gross-margins <GO>
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)	-6.20%	32.30%	-38.50	V	/roic <GO>
EV/EBITDA & P/E Valuation ACTIVE	—	28.9x	—	TIE	/valuation <GO>
Free Cash Flow Yield	-4.39%	2.90%	-7.29	V	/fcf-yield <GO>
Operating Margin	-5.30%	60.00%	-65.30	V	/operating-margins <GO>
Net Profit Margin	-4.50%	50.10%	-54.60	V	/net-margins <GO>
Revenue Growth (YoY)	18.10%	11.30%	+6.80	CTM	/revenue-growth <GO>
Dividend Yield & FCF Payout Safety	0.00%	0.63%	-0.63	V	/dividend-safety <GO>
Altman Z-Score & Debt/Equity	4.37	9.09	-4.72	V	/balance-sheet <GO>
Piotroski F-Score Quality	5/9	9/9	-4.00	V	/piotroski-score <GO>
Options Implied Move & Put/Call Skew	—	—	—	TIE	/options-implied-move <GO>
RSI-14 & 200D SMA Momentum	30.1	65.6	-35.48	V	/rsi-technicals <GO>
10Y Yield & FRED Macro Beta	—	1.06	—	TIE	/macro-sensitivity <GO>
Forward P/E Multiple	—	34.0x	—	TIE	/forward-pe <GO>
Enterprise Scale & Market Cap	$47.9M	$733.53B	-$733.49B	V	/market-cap <GO>

5-YEAR HISTORICAL XBRL REVENUE & MARGIN TRAJECTORY SEC FORM 10-K FY

FISCAL YEAR	CTM REV	V REV	CTM GROSS %	V GROSS %	CTM FCF	V FCF
FY 2025	$52.9M	$40.00B	36.6%	—	-$2.1M	$21.26B
FY 2024	$44.8M	$35.93B	40.8%	—	$1.1M	$18.33B
FY 2023	$45.2M	$32.65B	—	—	-$2.3M	$19.29B

FRED MACRO REGIME CORRELATION COMPARISON PEARSON r

CTM // BETA —

V // BETA 1.06